Do near-death experiences scientifically prove hell?

No study cited here establishes the geography or existence of hell through clinical measurement. Research can examine recalled experiences, circumstances of resuscitation, cognition, and hypotheses about consciousness. It cannot simply convert a participant’s theological interpretation into a verified external location. Vividness, lasting significance, and sincerity are worth understanding but are not the same as independent verification. Both confident supernatural claims and overly simple dismissals can outrun the evidence. Compare prospective studies with retrospective memoirs, ask what was actually measured, and distinguish an observed report from its proposed explanation. The same caution applies to claims that NDEs scientifically prove heaven.